If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on.ġ. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behavior. Maslow (1943, 1954) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over others. The original hierarchy of needs five-stage model includes: Therefore, not everyone will move through the hierarchy in a uni-directional manner but may move back and forth between the different types of needs. Life experiences, including divorce and loss of a job, may cause an individual to fluctuate between levels of the hierarchy. Unfortunately, progress is often disrupted by a failure to meet lower level needs. Once these growth needs have been reasonably satisfied, one may be able to reach the highest level called self-actualization.Įvery person is capable and has the desire to move up the hierarchy toward a level of self-actualization. Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person. However, growth needs continue to be felt and may even become stronger once they have been engaged. When a deficit need has been 'more or less' satisfied it will go away, and our activities become habitually directed towards meeting the next set of needs that we have yet to satisfy. However, he later clarified that satisfaction of a needs is not an “all-or-none” phenomenon, admitting that his earlier statements may have given “the false impression that a need must be satisfied 100 percent before the next need emerges” (1987, p. Maslow (1943) initially stated that individuals must satisfy lower level deficit needs before progressing on to meet higher level growth needs. For example, the longer a person goes without food, the more hungry they will become. Also, the motivation to fulfill such needs will become stronger the longer the duration they are denied. The first four levels are often referred to as deficiency needs ( D-needs), and the top level is known as growth or being needs ( B-needs).ĭeficiency needs arise due to deprivation and are said to motivate people when they are unmet. This five-stage model can be divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological (food and clothing), safety (job security), love and belonging needs (friendship), esteem, and self-actualization.
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